Antiretroviral Drug-Resistance Mutations on the Gag Gene: Mutation Dynamics during Analytic Treatment Interruption among Individuals Experiencing Virologic Failure

We describe drug-resistance mutation dynamics of the gag gene among individuals under antiretroviral virologic failure who underwent analytical treatment interruption (ATI).These mutations occur in and around the cleavage sites that form the particles that become the mature HIV-1 virus.The study involved a 12-week interruption in antiretroviral the

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Study on wetting and dust suppression characteristics of composite dust suppressant based on enhancement effect of fluorocarbon surfactant

Fluorocarbon surfactants could change coal structure and improve wettability characteristics, thus, it plays a significant role in coal dust prevention and control.Composite dust suppressant based on fluorocarbon surfactant (FS-31) enhancement was developed, and the surface tension and contact angle characteristics were analyzed.Based on the infrar

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Long-term agricultural land-cover change and potential for cropland expansion in the former Virgin Lands area of Kazakhstan

During the Soviet Virgin Lands Campaign, approximately 23 million hectares (Mha) of Eurasian steppe grassland were converted into cropland in Northern Kazakhstan from 1954 to 1963.As a result Kazakhstan became an important breadbasket of the former Soviet Union.However, the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 triggered widespread agricultural aban

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